A Few Greek Gods Essay Example For Students

A Few Greek Gods Essay The AncientGreeks put stock in a progression of legends which clarified nature, set up a moralcode for the individuals, and were simply old stories of the individuals. In this paper,the beginnings of fantasies, the Greek divine beings themselves, and a few legends concerningmorals, nature, and old legend of the Ancients will be talked about. Since themyths and insights concerning the divine beings were passed along by overhearing people's conversations, some mythsor divine beings may be traded or extraordinary. The Greek fantasies startedas old stories until it started to clarify nature and narrators coordinated irreverent code into the legends. Numerous fantasies began as fantasies. As newand progressively productive cultivating techniques opened up to the Greek individuals theywere confronted with additional time where to do different things. A people who have wastedevelop a culture all their own. Since Greece was partitioned into differentcity-states, a considerable lot of the leg ends are unique. The way of life of storytellingbegan to include clarifications of nature, for example, the formation of the horse,spider, and such changes as winter and fire alongside the production of manhimself. Gradually, similarly as with any longstanding government, the ethics and lawsof society spilled into Greek fantasies as, The killed will be avengedby Nemesis (a power which makes individuals seek retribution), or just, Kindnessand humbleness are remunerated by the divine beings. A few legends were even made tosupport different fantasies. The fantasies began with narrating and created intoacomplex arrangement of ethics and clarifications. The Greek fantasies were almostfruitless without the mediation of the divine beings. The divine beings controlled natureand took on their own conflicts on the earth, which in some cases caused issues. The main god was the most remarkable one until he had youngsters. The firstgod is called Oranos or in certain legends Uranus. He was the principal ruler amongthe divine beings. Uranus was the sky and Gaea was the earth and accordingly they weremarried. The couple brought forth a wide range of and odd youngsters however Uranuswas brutal to them. At that point, Chronos was conceived as the most youthful titan. Chronosdethroned his dad and not long after wedded his sister, Rhea. He didnt wanthis kids to oust him so he ate them. Notwithstanding, Zeus ousted Chronosand set up the main genuine domain of the divine beings. Zeus settled debates betweenthe different divine beings and ensured the people werent rewarded in the incorrect manner. Zeus and Hera brought forth Ares and Hermes alongside other minor divine beings. Herawas a remorseless kind individual in many legends and in one she drove a defiance againstZeus and nearly vanquished him when he was safeguarded. Her preferred sign is th epeacock quill and that is her one of a kind sign. Zeus and Hera were the firstlasting god couple. Zeus had two siblings, Poseidon and Hades. AfterChronos had been vanquished, the three siblings tossed dice for who might rulein which domain. Poseidon picked the ocean on the grounds that there was the wellspring of themost experience. Zeus picked the sky where he would administer on Mount Olympus. Hades had no way out and took the black market since he was famously unfortunate. Poseidon made numerous odd ocean animals and the dolphin. He additionally createdthe horse and horselike creatures. Poseidon had numerous youngsters by two nymphsand his first child, Achilles, was more noteworthy than himself. Hades governed the underworldand picked how to manage the spirits of the individuals who ran over the RiverStyx. They were decided on what they did throughout everyday life. He was cold and terribleand he infrequently left the black market. His solitary spouse was Persephone. She was thedaughter of Demeter, goddess of corn, grain, and climate to a degree. Demeteris a minor god aside from the extraordinary impact she has on the earth. Becauseher little girl, Persephone, is abductedevery year, the harvests wilt and wintertakes control of the land. .u5353fbf05d3f7437bd7eaaf7e4c7e0f2 , .u5353fbf05d3f7437bd7eaaf7e4c7e0f2 .postImageUrl , .u5353fbf05d3f7437bd7eaaf7e4c7e0f2 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u5353fbf05d3f7437bd7eaaf7e4c7e0f2 , .u5353fbf05d3f7437bd7eaaf7e4c7e0f2:hover , .u5353fbf05d3f7437bd7eaaf7e4c7e0f2:visited , .u5353fbf05d3f7437bd7eaaf7e4c7e0f2:active { border:0!important; } .u5353fbf05d3f7437bd7eaaf7e4c7e0f2 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u5353fbf05d3f7437bd7eaaf7e4c7e0f2 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u5353fbf05d3f7437bd7eaaf7e4c7e0f2:active , .u5353fbf05d3f7437bd7eaaf7e4c7e0f2:hover { mistiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u5353fbf05d3f7437bd7eaaf7e4c7e0f2 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .u5353fbf05d3f7437bd7eaaf7e4c7e0f2 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enrichment: underline; } .u5353fbf05d3f7437bd7eaaf7e4c7e0f2 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u5353fbf05d3f7437bd7eaaf7e4c7e0f2 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-adornment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5353fbf05d3f7437bd7eaaf7e4c7e0f2:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u5353fbf05d3f7437bd7ea af7e4c7e0f2 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u5353fbf05d3f7437bd7eaaf7e4c7e0f2-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u5353fbf05d3f7437bd7eaaf7e4c7e0f2:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Dead Poets Society (372 words) EssayThere were many lesser divine beings who ruledover little pieces of nature. Aphrodite is the goddess of affection and enthusiasm. She was framed of the froth off the private parts of Neptune which fell into thesea. She controlled men and was known for her charmed brilliant apples. Herson was Eros, where we get the word sensual. Eros is the Greek type of Cupid,the Roman divine force of affection. Aphrodite likewise has an enchanted support that makes anyoneshe wishes to adore her. Aphrodite is hitched to Hephaestus,

Islam :: essays research papers

ISLAM  â â â â There has been a lot of discussion about Muslim convictions and the Islam country by and large. The premise of the religion is tranquil and understanding. While individuals wind the conviction around to meet their own requirements. It depends on the lessons of Muhammad. He was conceived in Mecca, which is the capital of Islamic conviction.      Muhammad was brought up in the city of Mecca. He grew up as a shipper and had a spouse. He would meander around outside of the city without anyone else frequently. He meandered so much that he had no activity however his better half had confidence in him so she bolstered him. One day he had a dream of the holy messenger Gabriel. Gabriel disclosed to him that he was a prophet and he should get the message out of god. He returned to Mecca and mentioned to everybody what had occurred and chosen to show everybody the method of God. Nobody trusted him and he was disparaged for his convictions. So he chose to go out traveling which was known as the â€Å"Hijra†. At the point when he returned to Mecca he had numerous believers. At that point the individuals of Mecca began to trust him and became changes over themselves. This is the account of Muhammad and his lessons. This and more were recorded in the Muslim sacred book, the â€Å"Koran†.      The five columns are the five different ways to be a decent and better than average Muslim. The principal column is â€Å"Shahadah† which is to pronounce your conviction by saying shahadah. Which means proclaiming god or Allah is omnipotent, and putting stock in the prophethood of Muhammad. The subsequent column is â€Å"Salah† or supplication. Petition must be completed five times each day towards Mecca or the general bearing of Mecca. The third column is â€Å"Zakah† or duty on the riches. Everybody must give a percent of their profit to poor people. The fourth column is â€Å"Sawm† which is fasting during the long stretch of Ramadan. The fifth and last column is to at any rate once in their lives to â€Å"Hajj† or make an excursion to Mecca when one is willing and ready to.      There is such a great amount of difficulty on the planet in light of folks who like to change the importance of certain things in religion when it is evident what they mean.

Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough Get the Full NYC Experience at Zicklin

Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough Get the Full NYC Experience at Zicklin MBA applicants can get carried away with rankings. In this series, we profile amazing programs at business schools that are typically ranked outside the top 15. A more affordable alternative to NYU Stern or Columbia Business School, the Zicklin School of Business at Baruch College offers a bargain price tag without skimping on the full New York City MBA experience.  Given that the school is a City University of New York institution, Zicklin’s tuition rate for both in-state and out-of-state students is comparatively low for a program that is located in the heart of Manhattan and boasts a top-notch core management curriculum. In fact, Zicklin was included among the top 50 business schools ranked by Forbes for five-year return on investment in 2011 and placed second in U.S. News World Report’s 2012 list of MBA programs with the most financial value upon graduation. The value of a Zicklin degree may be largely due to the opportunities afforded by the school’s proximity to and networking relationships with Wall Street firms and other Manhattan-based companies across a variety of industries. In addition, future financiers have at their disposal such facilities as the Wasserman Trading Floor, a high-tech trading simulator with live data feeds and computer models designed to expose students to real-time market analysis and financial services tools. Alternatively, for students looking to break into the NYC start-up scene, the Field Center for Entrepreneurship provides a number of resources, such as small business counseling, a library of publications and guides for starting a business and business development workshops. Share ThisTweet Diamonds in the Rough

graded unit development stage - 2754 Words

‘The creation of a house corner within a child-minding setting’. Graded Unit 3 F5LN 35 Abstract The purpose of this project was to create a house corner, so the child-minder and her assistants are able to assess the children in their care more easily. As well as having somewhere for the children to be able to go and role/pretend play. The aim of the project was too: To lead the development of creating the house corner, within the child-minding setting †¢ To resource a house corner facility in my childminding setting The methods were completed by interviewing child-minder’s and giving parents questionnaires to get their opinions on role play and the house corner. It was found that there are mixed views regarding role play,†¦show more content†¦Aims Within the graded unit I have two aims to achieve, these are: †¢ To lead the development of creating the house corner, within the child-minding setting †¢ To resource a house corner facility in my childminding setting Methods For all the research methods, questionnaires and interviews, the responses will be kept confidential and all the aspects of confidentiality will be respected. Interview four child-minders to see how they set up their house corners, For this method I contacted four local Fife childminders that also work with the community childminding, I discussed with them over the telephone what I was required to do and how I would visit their setting to see their play area and to do an interview to gain qualitative information. (Appendix 1) Visit child-minding settings to see the home corners and how they work. I visited the childminders setting so I could see their play area and the home corners and how the childminders used the area to assess the children. All parents’ views on role play will be gained by a questionnaire which will mainly have closed questions to gain quantitate information on role play, this will be piloted in classShow MoreRelatedMiss Essay1122 Words   |  5 Pageswith COMMUNITIES GRADED unit science project Lisa Cassidy ------------------------------------------------- HNC Working with COMMUNITIES GRADED unit science project Lisa Cassidy Planning DK16 34 14/03/2013 Planning DK16 34 14/03/2013 Introduction As part of my Higher National Certificate in working with communities I am required to carry out a practical assignment in the form of a graded unit. This includes my current knowledge and experience gained from units completed throughoutRead MoreEssay about Health Care Graded Unit1138 Words   |  5 PagesI am currently studying HNC Health Care and as part of my course I have to complete a graded unit, this will entail three stages; Planning, development and evaluation. This will be carried out while on placement within a hospital setting, within the planning stage I have to choose a patient and assist them with a nursing activity. I have chosen to follow Roper Logan and Tierney twelve activities of daily living the reason for this is that I find it to be the nursing model that is most effectiveRead MoreCase Study: Applying Maslows Hierarchy of Needs to Team Building1218 Words   |  5 PagesI have already mentioned in my Planning and Development stages that for the purpose of co mpleting the Graded Unit Project, I assisted a service user; whom I assigned the alias of ‘David’, to play a group game of basketball. Now I have completed the activity, I will evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the project as a whole, as well as evaluating the appropriateness of the methods and theories I used in my practice. With the aim of identifying a suitable activity, I cross-referenced theRead MoreMassage5238 Words   |  21 PagesGuidelines for candidates These take the form of handouts which cover: 1 2 3 4 The investigation as a whole Planning Stage Developing Stage Evaluation Stage Handouts 1 and 2 could be distributed at the start of the investigation while the other two could be given to students once they completed the previous stage of their investigation and are ready to embark on the next part of the process. If desired, all could be handed out at the start of the investigation. Investigation In order to successfullyRead MoreHnc Social Care Essay4439 Words   |  18 Pagesis due. You can also submit your assignments before the due date. Good Luck Tutor: Susan Johnston Agreed hand in Date: 1st October 2012 ASSIGNMENT 1 Unit Title: Social Care Theory for Practice Unit No: DH3K 34 |Unit No. |Unit Title |Outcomes | | | | Read MoreReading Is A Process Of Translating Visual Codes Into Meaningful Language1018 Words   |  5 PagesChildren with emerging literacy are at the early stages of reading which mostly involves decoding letters into their corresponding sounds and then linking those sounds to single words. A study was conducted that found that 5% of a child’s daily speech was entirely produced during joint book reading (as cited in Whitehurst Lonigan, 1998 p. 855). Reading is made up of the following components: contextual, semantic, language, sound, and print units. Several studies have shown the significance thatRead MoreGraded Unit Plan Hnd Music Performance Essay4460 Words   |  18 PagesGraded Unit Plan Interpretation Of The Brief The graded unit is a piece of work that will showcase my skills that I have attained whilst studying the HND course and it will  present my knowledge of the music business to the best of my ability. With this piece of work, it should open a lot of doors  as a future employee to the music industry. The graded unit project consists of a project and an interview that will take place with someone, whether that is an employer  or someone who has had aRead MorePlanning and Organizing a Receational Activity for my HNC Social Care Graded Unit Project1650 Words   |  7 PagesFrom my social care placement, I have chosen to assist a service user to partake in a recreational activity for completion of my HNC Social Care Graded Unit project. This part of the project will consist of planning and organising the activity. Throughout the planning section I will be disclosing personal details of the service user which I have learned from having permitted access to his support plan, and from conversations between us. During a recent consultation between my placement supervisorRead MoreGraded Unit Planning Process1391 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Graded Unit Planning process I’m currently studying HNC Care Administrative Practice (Clinical Route) which involves doing placement hours at a local hospital and complete a Graded Unit which consists of three stages: planning, development and evaluation. In the planning process I must complete and develop a plan to show that I can help a patient I have chosen with a nursing activity. After having a meeting with my mentor to discuss which patient we felt would be a suitable candidate for meRead MoreLife History Essay3149 Words   |  13 Pagesadulthood stage of her life. This life history follows Joanne’s life stages and identifies her major normative age graded events, normative history graded events and also non normative events, and reflects on the impact of these events on her development. Normative age graded influence included biological processes such as puberty and menopause, also included are sociocultural, environmental processes such as beginning formal education and retirement (Sant rock, 2008). Normative history graded influences

Human Interaction With The Social World - 1810 Words

The social world refers to the self, other people and interactions with other people. (The Open University, 2016a) A large portion of psychological research questions the reasons people interact with their social world in the ways that they do, and seeks to better understand human relationships. To what extent does current research withing psychological disciplines succeed in explaining the phenomena and reasons for human interaction with the social world as it currently is? This assignment will explore current research and explore the relevance and validity when considering the question of human interaction with the self and others, ultimately concluding that current research is largely successful at assessing how people make sense†¦show more content†¦(Fullwood and Hamilton, 2016a) Further to this, Bothma et al. discuss that this effect occurs when a tutor marks a students paper- even academics aren t immune! This report also explores various measurements and prior aca demic study of this effect, and concludes that a wide amount of research on this topic stands up to criticism, and occurs even with a large sample size. It is therefore reasonable to assume that research considering this effect is robust, and serves as an example of a bias that affects a persons relationship with the world. Research surrounding social media has explored the ways in which people interact with their social world when the social world moves online. When considering the existence of the Halo effect, Fullwood and Hamilton, (2016a) also note that a person may not have to worry about being perceived as lesser due to their looks if they are able to hide the way they look. This could potentially be achieved by spending more time on an online platform as opposed to the outside world. (Aiken and Waller, 2000; Johnson et al., (2009) cited in Fullwood and Hamilton, (2016b) also point out another reason someone might want to hide behind a screen- in order to be able to bully, or be cruel, with the mask of anonymity. Suler (2004) cited in Fullwood and Hamilton, (2016c) found similar patterns regarding anonymity when considering the extent to which someone may not be entirely honestShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Social Interaction On The Human World1799 Words   |  8 PagesINTRODUCTION Social interaction Social interaction in sociology, in its simplest formulation refers to social exchange between two or more individuals. Social interaction can be between two individuals called dyad, between three called triads or larger social groups. Forexample, any conversation whether between intimate friends or casual chatter in a market will amount to social interaction. Non verbal communication like eye-contact also comes under social interaction. In sociology, social interaction refersRead MoreSocial Studies Involves Human Behavior and Interactions with the World543 Words   |  2 PagesSocial Studies is the broad study of the various fields that involve past and current human behavior and their interactions with the world. Geography, American History and Economics are a few common courses that are classified under this subject. Many students don’t see the main purpose of taking social studies. They don’t understand the importance of why this is one of the required subjects or how the information might help them in the future. But at the end of the day everything that they areRead MoreEducation, Communication, And Evolution Of Human Intelligence Essay1591 Words   |  7 PagesWith the improved living conditions, healthcare, communication, and evolution of human intelligence, technological advancement in the world today has grown to unprecedented levels. For example, as a result of technology, patients can re motely interact with medics located in different parts of the world through telehealth/telemedicine. In the field of education, students do not necessarily need to visit libraries to access books; there are several soft copies of books online that they can access fromRead MoreHuman Interaction Is The Study Of Relations And Social Interchange Between Two Or More Individuals1383 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Interaction is the study of relations and social interchange between two or more individuals. How they interact with one in another, the process by which they act and react to individuals in their surroundings. Technology is rapidly changing the method in which people work, think, and behave, but there’s one thing that will always remain constant is who we are as people, human interaction, and how we represent ourselves. Society is swiftly changing communication, people are interacting lessRead MoreBenefits Of Being Top Notch Communication Channels916 Words   |  4 Pagesfa ce –to-face is worryingly diminishing because of the emergence of social-media technologies. Over 90% of the people in the modern world use social media such as Twitter, Facebook and Tumblr amongst others as communication platforms. These technologies play a significant role in the lives of people to the extent that some do not consider living without them. Social media technologies have become known forms of social interaction across the globe. They offer the advantages of being top notch communicationRead MoreSocial Norms And Its Effect On Society1253 Words   |  6 PagesAll social phenomena, including economic institutions and social norms, emerge from the actions and interactions of individuals. The task of social sciences is to study how these two components can give rise to different social dynamics and social events. For a long time, social scientists have disagreed on which component plays a dominant role. The study of social norms can help us understand a wide vari ety of seemingly puzzling human behavior. As norm existence and compliance can be best understoodRead MoreHow Do You Imagine Social Interaction Within 10 Years, Taking Into Consideration the Impact of Technology on Human Relations?909 Words   |  4 Pages1. Social interaction is the way people relate with one another. Through history, mankind has developed and improved different kinds of technologies that have had a crucial influence on social interaction and human communications. Lets make a quick overview to remember some key points of our history regarding social interactions and technology. 2. A very long time ago before written word existed there were cave paintings storytelling. 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This essay aims at identifying the relationship existing between the symbolic interactionism theory and the ground of routine activities, ethnomethodology as portrayed by Harold Garfinkel and Herbert BlumerRead MoreThe Technological Advancement Of The Field Of Education Essay1628 Words   |  7 Pages With improvement in living conditions, healthcare, communication, and the evolution of human intelligence, technological advancement in the world today has grown to unprecedented levels. As a result of technology, patients can remotely interact with medics located in different parts of the world through telehealth or telemedicine. In the field of education, students do not necessarily need to visit libraries because ther e are several online copies of books that they can access from the comfort ofRead MoreHow Do You Imagine Social Interaction Within 10 Years, Taking Into Consideration the Impact of Technology on Human Relations?896 Words   |  4 Pages1. Social interaction is the way people relate with one another. Through history, mankind has developed and improved different kinds of technologies that have had a crucial influence on social interaction and human communications. Lets make a quick overview to remember some key points of our history regarding social interactions and technology. 2. A very long time ago before written word existed there were cave paintings storytelling. Society is on the cusp of a social revolution, we are at

William Golding s Lord Of The Flies - 884 Words

Title William Shakespeare states, in one of his famous plays, Hamlet, that â€Å"We know what we are, but not what we maybe,† (4.5. ). The author suggests the idea of the human’s true self, hiding behind one’s mask, which further leads to the question of human identity. The question â€Å"Who am I?† becomes one of the most complex topics in literature and philosophy because no one yet finds the answer. This subject inspires different writers such as Phillip K. Dicks, Aldous Huxley, and William Golding to pursue people seek for the unknown. One of the dystopian novels, called Lord of the Flies by William Golding, tells the story of a group of children, on an uninhabited island in the Pacific Ocean during the atomic bomb war. By choosing the character between the ranges of ages 6 and 12, the author displays the idea that men return to their natural creatures without identity as the human nature. Identity allows humans to rise beyond other creatures by giving peopl e the power of creating new identities, and reminding one about human’s state of evolution, as well as constructing one’s consciousness. First of all, people tend to feel more powerful when they hide their true selves under masks, as like Jack Merridew does not fear other’s disapprovals under his painted mask, which furthers illustrates the connection between power and one’s identity. Jack Merridew, one of the oldest boys, becomes a savage because of his hunger of power. He explains â€Å"hunting† as the reason of the mask, however,Show MoreRelatedWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1263 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Paper: Lord of the Flies William Golding, the author of Lord of The Flies, included adults for only a brief time throughout the novel, playing only a minor role at the end. The absence of adults exemplifies how children require the structure and guidance that only parents can provide, symbolically, how nations newly freed from the British Empire’s control would be better off under English colonial power to survive and maintain order before deteriorating into anarchy. The adults of theRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies752 Words   |  4 Pagespossible, so a five year old who teases others to Adolf Hitler would be classified as perpetrators of evil. Lord of the Flies is a fictional story about a group of British boys who get stranded on island. The author of the novel Lord of the Flies, William Golding, showcases Zimbardo’s ideas in his story. Zimbardo did not form his theory Through the character development of Jack and Roger, Golding illustrates the intensity of evil when one is impacted by situational forces. Before Ralph and Piggy unifiesRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1869 Words   |  8 PagesEssay Outline – Unit 11 Introductory paragraph: Topic Sentence (includes the book title and author) The novel Lord of the flies by William Golding is a type of literature that revolves around an anti-war theme. Main Points that will be discussed in the essay presented in order of weakest to strongest: 1. Lord of the flies was written during WWII and one of the manifestations is the dead man in the parachute presumably a victim of a bombed plane. 2. Faction among the group which is similar toRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1282 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Golding, the author of Lord of The Flies, included adults for only a brief time throughout the novel, playing only a minor role at the end. The absence of adults exemplifies how children require the structure and guidance that only parents can provide, this can be seen how nations newly freed from the British Empire’s control would be better off under English colonial power to survive and maintain order before deteriorating into anarchy. The adults of the novel can be seen as the motherRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1389 Words   |  6 PagesA response to Lord Of The Flies Imagine an airplane crash. The heat of flames scorch passengers’ backs in addition to the wind burning their faces. Lucky, this crash was over water and near an island so most passengers survive, with an exception of the airplane staff and the pilot. Even though alive, many are in fits of fear and panic, and others are in shock. After hurried deliberation, a lone member of the group is elected leader in hopes that they will calm the panic, and make the hard, but necessaryRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1315 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Golding’s novel Lord of the Flies was set somewhere on the timeline of World War Two, a war between the Axis and the Allies lasting from 1939 until 1945. Although WWII was fought between many countries in the Pacific and Europe, the main contender was Germany, led by Adolf Hitler. Hitler and his followers, the Nazis, changed the lives of everyone when they attempted to strengthen Germany and brought out all the evil and ugli ness in the world. After WWII, nothing would be able to change theRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies886 Words   |  4 Pageshow to live their lives not knowing what s right or wrong. Everyone has a different opinion towards different things. Some say gun laws should be banned while some say they want a gun in their house. In Lord of the Flies by William Golding there are clear aspects of leadership shown within the characterization between Jack and Ralph. I m chief, said Ralph, because you chose me. And we were going to keep the fire going. Now you run after food- (Golding 150). There is evident conflict between theRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1672 Words   |  7 Pages The Different Social Cognition of the Similar Stories — Synthesis essay of Lord of the Flies Final Project With the development of British culture, the format of Desert Island Literature has an inevitable connection with the geographical and culture heritage of the development of British history. Generally speaking, the setting of such literature is basically around an isolated island which is far from human society. The characters usually follow a primary lifestyle so that illustrate the courageRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1745 Words   |  7 Pages1954 novel, Lord of the Flies by Nobel Prize-winner William Golding is a dystopian allegory indicative of vast aspects of the human condition. Set in the midst of a nuclear war, the text details a group of marooned British school boys as they regress to a primitive state. Free from the rules and structures of civilisation and society, the boys split into factions - some attempting to maintain order and achieve common goals; others seeking anarchy and violence. The novel is based on Golding’s experienceRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1776 Words   |  8 PagesMaybe the beast is us (Golding 85), in the novel, Lord of the Flies, by author William Golding, Golding uses the entire book as social commentary. The social aspect he focuses on is man’s ability to be evil and destructive. William Golding uses three specific literary devices to convey this idea; characterization, diction and symbolism. Lord of the Flies explains man s capacity for evil which is revealed in his inherent human nature, which he cannot control or ignore. The hidden evil within

Radiology best flash Example For Students

Radiology best flash The best way to visualize a small left sided pneumothorax is a. Right lateral b. Left lateral c. Right lateral decubitus d. Left lateral decubitus Pneumothorax is best demonstrated by taking a radiograph, with the patient in a. Inspiration b. Full inspiration c. Expiration d. Prone Minimal pleural effusion is best detected by x-ray view a. AP b. PA c. Oblique d. Lateral The best view of the chest to show minimal pleural effusion is a. PA view b. AP view c. Lateral decubitus view d. Oblique view Best view to diagnose minimal amount of fluid in pleural space a. AP view b. PA view c. Apical view d. Lateral decubitus view The chest X-ray viewbest suited for pleural effusion detection is a. AP view b. PA view c. Lateral decubitus view d. Lateral view The best view to visualize a right pleural effusion in chest X-ray is a. Right lateral b. Left lateral c. Right lateral decubitus d. Left lateral decubitus A patient presents with minimal pleural effusion on the right side. The best method to detect this would be a. Right side chest X-ray b. Left side chest X-ray c. Left lateral decubitus chest X-ray d. Right lateral decubitus chest X-ray All the following calcify except a. Medulloblastoma b. Ependymoma c. Oligodendroglioma d. Meningioma The earliest USG finding in pregnancy is a. Gestational sac b. Fetal cardiac activity c. Placenta d. Fundal thickening Half-life of 99m Tc is a. 2 hours b. 4 hours c. 6 hours d. 8 hours Which of the following is a naturally occurring radioactive substance in the body found in small quantities a. Radium 226 b. Bismuth 50 c. Iodine 131 d. Potassium 40 Residual mediastinal and retroperitoneal lymphoma is assessed by a. Bipedal lymphangiogram b. Technetium 99m pyrophosphate scans c. Restaging procedure d. Gallium scan Atomic number corresponds to a. Number of protons b. Number of electrons c. Number of neutrons d. Electrons + Protons Bilateral spider leg sign in IVP is indicative of a. Renal stones b. Hypernephroma c. Hydronephrosis d. Polycystic kidney Calcification of meniscal cartilage is a feature of a. Psedugout b. Reiters syndrome c. Hyperparathyroidism d. Acromegaly Ideal imaging method to diagnose hydrocephalus in infant is a. MRI b. USG c. CT scan d. Plain X-ray a. Open fontanelle Neurosonography of neonates is preferred over CT scan because a. Open fontanelle b. Inexpensive c. Children more cooperative d. Better resolution Excretory urography should be catiously performed in a. Leukemia b. Neuroblastoma c. Bone secondaries d. Multiple myeloma IVP is contraindicated in a. Multiple myeloma b. Kidney stones c. Transplanted kidney d. Renal cyst Most important investigation for pericardial effusion is a. Lateral view of Xray-chest b. Echocardiography c. USG d. Cardiac catheterization Best method for diagnosing pericardial effusion is a. Echocardiography b. Gallium scan c. Angiography d. USG c. Sturge weber syndrome Tram line calcification is seen in a. Ependymoma b. Thrombosed cerebral veins c. Sturge weber syndrome d. Meningioma Tram track appearance on X-ray of the hand is seen in a. Sturge-weber syndrome b. Von-hippel lindau disease c. Tuberous sclerosis d. Neurofibroma Which one of the following is the contrast used in MRI scan a. Iodine b. Gadolinium c. Rose Bengal d. Strontium Answer: All of them have egg shell calcificatoin A helpful mnemonic for major causes of eggshell calcification in the thorax and mediastinum is: A Silly Cool Sergeant Likes His Tubercular Blast Mnemonic A: amyloidosis S: Silicosis C: Coal workers pneumoconiosis (CWP) S: Sarcoidosis L: Lymphoma: (postirradiation Hodgkin disease) H: Histoplasmosis (e.g. pulmonary histoplasmosis) T: Tuberculosis B: Blastomycosis (e.g. pulmonary blastomycosis) Egg shell calcification is seen in a. Silicosis b. Sarcoidosis c. Tuberculosis d. Histoplasmosis d. Thumb print appearance Radiologic sign characteristic of ischemic colitis is a. Inverted 3 appearance b. Cobra head sign c. Craggy popcorn appearance d. Thumb print appearance c. Thumb printing Radiological feature of ischemic colitis is a. Saw tooth appearance b. Nose pipe appearance c. Thumb printing d. Cobble stone appearance c. 5.7 Half life of cobalt-60 is ___ years. a. 2-3 b. 1.2 c. 5.7 d. 3.4 c. Gamma rays Radioactive cobalt emits a. Neutrons b. Alpha rays c. Gamma rays d. Beta rays c. 270 days The half life of Co-57 is a. 2.6 years b. 5.2 years c. 270 days d. 3200 years b. CT Which of the following investigations are to be done for the diagnosis of carcinoma head of pancreas a. Pelvic X-ray abdomen b. CT c. USG d. Hypotonic duodenography c. CT scan Best diagnosis for pancreatic disease a. PTC b. ERCP c. CT scan d. USG c. CT scan Most sensitive investigation of pancreatic carcinoma is a. Angiography b. ERCP c. CT scan d. Ultrasound d. Milkmans pseudofracture Loosers zone is characteristic of a. Hyperparathyroidism b. Scurvy c. Hypoparathyroidism d. Milkmans pseudofracture d. Osteomalacia Milkmans pseudofractures These lesions are composed of poorly mineralized osteoid matrix and are not true fractures or stress fractures. It appears as a thin, translucent band, about 2 mm in width, which runs perpendicular to the surface of the bone extending from the cortex inwards. They are oriented perpendicular to the long axis of the bone, and do not cross the entire bone. It represents insufficiency fractures through unmineralized osteoid in patients with osteomalacia. Common sites include axillary margins of the scapulae, ribs, pubic rami, proximal femurs, proximal ulnae and proximal humerus. Similar changes radiographically may be seen in Pagets disease; however, they are only seen in involved bone and are not generalized. In addition, the lines in Pagets occur on the convex side of the bone(tensile aspect) while in osteomalacia they occur on the concave side (compressive aspect). The lines in Pagets represent insufficiency fractures. Read more: 1. http://www.mypacs.net/cases/OSTERMALACIA-WITH-LOOSERS-ZONES-805293.html 2. http://www.arthritisresearchuk.org/arthritis-information/conditions/osteomalacia/symptoms.aspx Pseudofracture or loosers zone is seen in a. Vitamin C deficiency b. Thyroiditis c. Osteoporosis d. Osteomalacia d. 2 D echocardiography Best investigation for cardiac tamponade is a. M mode ECG b. USG c. Real time ECG d. 2 D echocardiography c. 8 days Half life of I-131 is a. 10 days b. 4 days c. 8 days d. 4 hours c. 99m Tc DTPA Renal GRF can be estimated by a. 99m TC + 121 Gallium b. 99m Tc DMSA c. 99m Tc DTPA d. 99m Tc DMSA c. 5 rads Safe maximum dose of radiation per year in human being is a. 20 rads b. 10 rads c. 5 rads d. 1 rad Kerley B lines are seen when pulmonary venous pressure is a. 5 mm Hg b. 10 mmHg c. 22 mm Hg d. 40 mm Hg d. Bronchoalveolar carcinoma Pulmonary kerley B-lines are seen in all the following except a. Pulmonary edema b. Mitral valve disease c. Interstitial fibrosis d. Bronchoalveolar carcinoma c. Intracranial metallic aneurysm clips Contraindication for the user of NMR imaging is a. Psychotic patients b. Patients on lithium c. Intracranial metallic aneurysm clips d. Patients receiving radiotherapy c. MRI scan Radiation exposure does not occur in a. Plain X-ray b. Fluoroscopy c. MRI scan d. CT scan Which is not mutagenic a. Ultraviolet rays b. Beta rays c. X-ray d. Ultrasound Investigation of choice for subarachnoid hemorrhage is a. Angiography b. CT scan c. Enhanced MRI d. MRI Noninvasive procedure for CVA is a. EEG b. Echoencephalography c. Angiography d. CT scan d. Anencephaly Congenital malformation that can be detected earliest on USG a. Down syndrome b. Sacral agenesis c. Hydrocephalus d. Anencephaly b. Lateral view Best view for visualizing sella turcica on X-ray is a. AP view b. Lateral view c. Open mouth view d. Dorsal view c. Se-75 In pancreatic scanning, isotope most commonly used is a. I-131 b. Tc-99 c. Se-75 d. Cr-51 a. Splenic disease Technetium labelled red cells are used in a. Splenic disease b. Pulmonary embolism c. Renal disease d. Biliary tree a. Ventilation perfusion scan Gold standard for pulmonary embolism is a. Ventilation perfusion scan b. Contrast MRI c. MRI d. CT a. Ventilation perfusion scan In pulmonary embolism the investigation of choice is a. Ventilation perfusion scan b. Contrast MRI c. MRI d. CT b. Ventilation perfusion scan Pulmonary embolism is best diagnosed by a. CT scan b. Ventilation perfusion scan c. USG d. X-ray chest PA view a. G2M stage Radiosensitive stage is a. G2M stage b. G2 stage c. G1 stage d. S phase c. Hamartoma Popcorn calcification: A cluster of sharply defined, irregularly lobulated, amorphous calcifications often with rings and arcs that resemble popped corn kernels. Usually seen in a pulmonary nodule Popcorn calcifications within a well circumscribed pulmonary nodule are highly suggestive of pulmonary chondroid hamartoma. This type of calcification may be seen in many radiological settings including: a. Chondroid lesions (e.g enchondroma, chondrosarcoma) b. Fibrous dysplasia c. Pulmonary hamartomas d. Degenerating fibroadenomas of the breast They are also seen in metaphyses and epiphyses of long bones of children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Read more: 1. http://posterng.netkey.at/esr/viewing/index.php?module=viewing_poster;task=viewsection;pi=121234;ti=406237;searchkey= 2. https://online.epocrates.com/u/2921547/Evaluation+of+solitary+pulmonary+nodule/Diagnosis/Approach 3. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/popcorn-calcification Popcorn calcificatoin is seen in a. Tuberculosis b. Carcinoid c. Hamartoma d. Teratoma c. Hamartoma Popcorn calcification in lung is virtually diagnostic of a. Tuberculoma b. Carcinoid c. Hamartoma d. Teratoma c. CT scan (HRCT) Best method of detecting minimal bronchiectasis is a. Chest X-ray b. Radionuclide lung scan c. CT scan (HRCT) d. Bronchography b. Bronchography In bronchiectasis the investigation of choice is a. USG b. Bronchography c. Bronchoscopy d. X-ray c. Driven snow appearance Pindborg tumor: Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor On radiographs, it appears as a radiolucency (dark area) and is known for sometimes having small radiopacities (white areas) within it. In those instances, it is described as having a driven-snow appearance. Microscopically, there are deposits of amyloid-like material. Which of the following is seen in Pindborg tumo a. Sunray appearance b. Onion peel appearance c. Driven snow appearance d. Cherry Blossom appearance @ Punched out lucencies without surrounding osteosclerosis are the characteristic lesions seen on plain radiographs of the skull in the patient with disseminated myeloma. In primary hyperparathyroidism, extensive resorption bone in the skull in combination with cystic areas of osteopenia are termed pepper pot skull. 1. http://images.md/myeloma-multiple-myeloma/ 2. http://roentgenrayreader.blogspot.com/2012/09/pepper-pot-skull.html Multiple punched out lytic lesions in X-ray are seen in a. Eosinophilic granuloma b. Multiple myeloma c. Craniopharyngioma d. Pagets disease Dilatation of pancreatic side branches is more apparent on MRI than CT and may cause the so called string of pearls or chain of lakes appearance on MRCP. See more at: http://www.appliedradiology.com/articles/imaging-of-the-pancreas-part-1#sthash Case Analysis Insubordination Essay Unit of one dose of radiation absorbed is: a. Gray b. Roentgen c. Curie d. Becquerel In aortic dissection the investigation of choice is: a. ECG b. Aortagraphy c. CT scan d. MRI scan Estimation of fetal maturity by biparietal sonic measurement at 20-28 weeks of gestation is accurate to within +/-: a. days b. 14 days c. 10 days d. 20 days Investigation of choice for acute subarachnoid hemorrhage: a. Enhanced MRI b. MRI c. CT scan d. Angiography Diagnostic of rickets on X-ray is: a. White line of Frankel b. Epiphyseal widening c. Periosteal elevation d. Cupping and flaring A characteristic of benign tumor of lung in X-ray is: a. Size 5 cm diameter b. Peripheral location c. Cavitation d. Calcification The following is a radiolucent renal stone: a. Cystine b. Calcium phosphate c. Uric acid d. Calcium oxalate Fish mouth vertebra occurs in the: a. Osteogenesis imperfecta b. Ehler-Danlos syndrome c. Gauchers disease d. Marfans syndrome Coffee bean sign indicates: a. Toxic megacolon b. Volvulus of cecum c. Strangulation of incompletely odstructed loop of small bowel d. Mesenteric artery embolism Chickenpox pneumonia is characterized by: a. Nodular infiltrate b. Basilar infiltrate c. Pulmonary edema d. Linear pattern Candle wax appearance is seen in: a. Osteogenesis imperfecta b. Meloorheostosis c. Diaphyseal dysplasia d. Exoxtosis Primary anomaly in Klippel-Fell syndrome is: a. Torticolitis b. Fusion c. Absence d. Segmentation Loss of lamina dura is observed in: a. Cushings disease b. Legg-Calve-Perthes disease c. Hyperparathyroidism d. Osteoporesis Hamman-Rich syndrome is: a. Fibrosing alveolitis b. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis c. Recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax d. Central mediastinal adenopathy Batwing pattern of pulmonary edema is typical of: a. Renal failure b. CCF c. ILD d. Sarcoidosis Differential diagnosis of honeycomb lung includes: a. Eosinophilic granuloma b. Sarcoidosis c. Both d. None Pancoast tumor is most commonly due to which cell type: a. Squamous b. Columnar c. Adenocarcinoma d. pseudo-stratified Ulcer crater on barium X-ray examination indicates the diagnosis of : a. Gastric carcinoma b. Duodenal ulcer c. Duodenal diverticulum d. Duodenal stricture Best diagnostic modality for subphrenic abscess is: a. Plain X-ray b. Ultrasound c. CT scan d. Diagnostic laparotomy Lateral source of neutrons for radiotherapy is: a. Strontium 90 b. Iodine 131 c. Californium 252 d. Radium 226 Terminal phalangeal sclerosis is associated with: a. Rheumatoid arthritis b. Normal variation c. Sarcoidosis d. All of the above Round, smooth, slightly lobulated peripheral opacity in the lung with calcification is a feature of: a. Hamartoma b. Hydatid cyst c. Amoebic abscess d. Carcinoma lung Wimberger,s ring is seen in: a. Scurvy b. Rickets c. Osteomalacia d. Osteoporesis Brachytherapy means: a. Irradaiation by radiopharmaceuticals b. Irradiation of tissue at 3 cm from the surface c. Irradiation of tissue by placing radioactive sources into the tissue d. Irradiation of tissue from a distance Type of radiation used in radiotherapy is: a. Photons b. Infrared rays c. Ionizing radiation d. UV rays Which of the following is provided by linear accelerator: a. Infrared rays b. Neutrons c. Electrons d. Protons Atomic weight is equal to the number of: a. Neutrons b. Protons and neutrons c. Electrons d. Protons Normal metacarpel index is: a. 10.4 b. 5.4 c. 5.4-7.9 d. 8.4-10.4 Tear drop sign is seen in: a. Posterior cranial fossa b. Maxillary sinus c. Zygoma fracture d. Blow-out fracture of orbit Which of the following is differential diagnosis for miliary shadow in chet X-ray: a. Tuberculosis b. Pulmonary siderosis c. Histoplasmosis d. All of the above Figure of 8 features are seen in which of the following: a. TOF b. Abnormal origin of aorta c. TAPVC d. Partial APVC Best conductor of electricity is: a. Diamond b. Coke c. Coal d. Graphite Which of the following is a characteristic radiological finding in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: a. Gas in the portal system b. Gas in the intestinal wall c. Pneumopritoneum d. Air fluid levels In the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma one of the following radionuclide scan is useful: a. MIBG scan b. MIDA scan c. DTPA scan d. DMSA scan Radiological investigation in female of reproductive age should be restricted to: a. First 10 days of menstrual cycle b. Period of menstruation c. 10-20th day of the cycle d. Last 10 days of the cycle Percentage of cold thyroid nodule likely to be malignant is: a. 72% b. 20% c. 40% d. 30% The test , which is both sensitive and specific for diagnosis of renal artery hypertension is: a. Captopril-enhanced radionucleotide renal scan b. Angiography c. CT d. MRI Stereotactic radiosurgery is a form of: a. Radiotherapy b. Radio-iodine therapy c. Robotic surgery d. Cryosurgery Which one of the following radioisotope is commonly used as a source for external beam radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer patients? a. Strontium-89 b. Radium-226 c. Cobalt-59 d. Cobalt-60 Bracket calcification of skull in X-ray is seen in: a. Meningioma b. Sturge-Weber syndrome c. Corpus callosum lipoma d. Tuberous sclerosis A male patient presents with abdominal pain and distention. On barium enema examination, there is a birds beak deformity. Which of the following is the likely diagnosis? a. Intussusception b. Volvulus of the sigmoid colon c. Enteric perforation d. Crohns disease Thickness of lead apron to prevent radiation is: a. 0.5 mm b. 7 mm c. 3 mm d. 1 mm A young patient presents with history of dysphasia more to liquids than solids. The first investigation you will do is: a. Barium swallow b. Esophagoscopy c. Ultrasound of the chest d. CT scan of the chest Fraying and cupping of metaphyses of long bones in an child does not occur in: a. Rickets b. Lead poisoning c. Metaphyseal dysplasia d. Hypophosphatasia High resolution computed tomography of the chest is the ideal modality for evaluating: a. Pleural effusion b. Interstitial lung disease c. Lung mass d. Mediastinal adenopathy Extensive pleural thickening and calcification especially involving the diaphragmatic pleura are classical features of: a. Coal workers pneumoconiosis b. Asbestosis c. Silicosis d. siderosis Modality of choice for detection of acute subarachnoid hemorrhage is: a. MRI b. X-ray computed tomography c. USG d. Plain X-ray of skull A 40 year old man presented with acute episode of GI bleeding. Initial management was given for 6 hours. Which is important procedure for diagnosis is: a. Radiolabeled RBC b. Barium meal c. Endoscopy d. USG A patient has ARF but normal USG report. Next most useful investigation is: a. DTPA scan b. IV pyelography c. Retrograde pyelography d. Renal angiography Which of the following isotopes is used to assess renal function? a. DTPA b. DMSA c. Gallium d. Thallium Impaired renal function is assessed by: a. MAGS b. Iodihippurate c. DMSA scan d. DTPA A patient has renal call carcinoma with thrombus in IVC and renal vein. Best investigation for diagnosis is: a. IVP b. Color Doppler imaging c. CT scan d. Angiography A young girl presented with pain in chest. Pain is not associated with exercise. On auscultation there was multiple non-ejection clicks with murmur. Most important investigation for diagnosis is: a. ECG b. Tc pyrophosphate scan c. Thallium scan d. EEG A 50 year old man who is a chronic smoker presents with single lymph node enlargement and hoarseness of voice. Next investigation should be: a. FNAC b. IDL with chest X-ray c. Percutaneous biopsy d. Advise him to stop smoking In aortic dissection the investigation of choice is: a. Digital segmental angiography b. MRI c. CT scan d. USG At birth first paranasal sinus to develop is: a. Sphenoid b. Frontal c. Maxillary d. Ethmoidal An8 year old boy presents with back pain and mild fever. His plain X-ray of the dorsolumbar vertebra with preserved disc spaces. There was no associated soft tissue shadow. The most likely diagnosis is: a. Ewings sarcoma b. Tuberculosis c. HIstocytosis d. Metastasis Which one of the following is a recognized X-ray feature of rheumatoid arthritis? a. Juxta-articular osteosclerosis b. Sacroilitis c. Bone erosions d. Peri-articular calcification All of the following are X-ray features of rheumatoid arthritis except: a. Soft tissue swelling b. Osteoporosis c. Periosteal new bone formation d. Bony erosions Which of the following is the best choice to radiological evaluation of a posterior fossa tumor? a. CT scan b. MRI c. Angiography d. Myelography Treatment of carcinoma thyroid using radioactive iodine is: a. I ¹Ã‚ ³Ã‚ ¹ b. I ¹Ã‚ ²? c. I ¹Ã‚ ³Ã‚ ³ d. I ¹ Most suitable radioisotope of iodine for treating hyperthyroidism is: a. I ¹Ã‚ ²Ã‚ ³ b. I ¹Ã‚ ²? c. I ¹Ã‚ ³Ã‚ ¹ d. I ¹Ã‚ ³Ã‚ ² Radioiodine is not used in the treatment of which of the following: a. Anaplastic carcinoma b. Follicular carcinoma c. Medullary carcinoma d. Papillary carcinoma Non-caseating granulomas are seen in all the following except: a. Tuberculosis b. Byssinosis c. Hodgkins lymphoma d. Metastatic carcinoma of lung Pleural involvement in sarcoidosis is: a. Unilateral b. Bilateral c. Very common d. Very rare X-rays are produced when: a. Electron beam strikes the nucleus of the atom b.Electron beam strikes the anode c. Electron beam reacts with the electromagnetic field d. Electron beam strikes the cathode For the treatment of deep-seated tumors, the following rays are used: a. X-rays and gamma rays b. Alpha rays and beta rays c. Electrons and prositrons d. High power laser beam Ionization radiation act on tissue depending upon: a. Thermal injury b. Formation at pyrimidine dimmers c. Excitation of electron from orbit d. Linear acceleration energy Principle used in radiotherapy is: a. Low dose causes tissue necrosis b. DNA damage c. Ionizing the molecule d. Cytoplasmic coagulation The maximum penetration among the following is seen with which ray: a. Alpha b. Beta c. Gamma d. Electron beam Which of the following has the maximum penetrating power? a. Alpha rays b. Beta rays c. Gamma rays d. Electron beam Characteristic finding in CT-scan of a TBM case is: a. Exudates seen in basal cistem b. Hydrocephalus is commonly seen c. Ventriculitis d. Calcification of cerebellum What is the diagnostic radiological finding in skeleton fluorosis? a. Sclerosis of sacroiliac joint b. Interosseous membrane ossification c. Osteosclerosis of vertebral body d. Ossification of ligaments of knee joint On CT-scan, all are seen as hypodense area except: a. Cerebral hemorrhage b. Glioblastoma c. Cerebral edema d. Cerebral infract Pneumoperitoneum can be used to visualize peritoneal/retroperitoneal structures. The gas that is best for use in pneumoperitoneum is? a. Oxygen b. Nitrogen c. CO? d. N?O Investigation of choice to demonstrate vesicoureteral reflex is: a. Cystoscopy b. IVP c. Contrast MCU d. Isotope cystogram Radiation therapy is given to a carcinoma patient. After 2 days the most common skin manifestation is: a. Dermatitis b. Hyperpigmentation c. Atopy d. Erythema Earliest skin change noticed after irradiation is: a. Erythema b. Hyperpigmentation c. Ulceration d. Dryness Most common presentation of radiation carditis is: a. Pyogenic pericarditis b. Myocardial fibrosis c. Atheromatous plaques d. Pericardial effusion Best diagnostic test for deep vein thrombosis is: a. MRI b. Venography c. Impendence phlebography d. Duplex USG X-ray chest with reticular pattern, air bronchogram sign is seen in: a. Septicemia b. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia c. Pulmonary hypertension d. Respiratory distress syndrome Intracavitary radiation is given in: a. Oral cavity carcinoma b. Esophageal carcinoma c. Lung carcinoma d. Cervix carcinoma On X-ray all the following renal calculi can be seen except: a. Calcium oxalate b. Triple phosphate c. Uric acid d. Cystine stones In bone-scan, hot spots are seen in all the following except: a. Osteoblastic metastasis b. Multiple myeloma c. Osteomyelitis d. Bony lesions of hyperthyroidism In a patient with solitary nodule of thyroid, investigation of choice is: a. FNAC b. USG c. CT d. Radioisotope scan Which of the following is the most radiosensitive phase of cell cycle? a. G? b. S c. G? d. M MRI rooms are shielded completely by a continuous sheet or wire mesh of copper or aluminium to shield the image from external electromagnetic radiations, etc., it is called: a. Maxwell cage b. Faraday cage c. Edisons cage d. Ohms cage A 45 year old coal mine worker presents with: a. Sjogrens syndrome b. Caplans syndrome c. Silicosis d. Wegeneers granulomatosis A patient is suspected to have vestibular schwannoma, the investigation of choice for its diagnosis is: a. Contrast enhanced CT scan b. PET Scan c. SPECT d. Gadolinium enhanced MRI In which of the folowing, a Coer-en-Sabot shape of the heart is seen? a. Tricuspid atresia b. Tetralogy of fallot c. Transposition of great arteries d. VSD In scurvy all of the following radiological signs are seen except: a. Zone of demarcation near epicnysis b. Soap bubble appearance c. Frenkels line d. Pelican spur A 50 year old smoker male presents with pain along the left arm and ptosis: a. Adenocarcinoma lung b. Bronchial carcinoid c. Pancoasts tumor d. Bronchoalveolar carcinoma Sunray appearance on X-ray is suggestive of: a. A chondrosarcoma b. A metastatic tumor in the bone c. An osteogenic sarcoma d. An Ewings sarcoma The investigation of choice for imaging of urinary tract tuberculosis is: a. Plain X-ray b. IV urography c. USG d. CT Which of the following technique uses piezoelectric crystals? a. USG b. NMR imaging c. X-ray diffraction d. Xeroradiography In which of the following conditions the lead pipe appearance of the colon on a barium enema is seen? a. Amebiasis b. Ulcerative colitis c. Tuberculosis of colon d. Crohns involvement of the colon The EEG cabins should be completely shielded by a continuous sheet of wire mesh of copper to avoid the picking up of noise from external electromagnetic disturbances. Such a shielding is called as: a. Maxwell cage b. Faraday cage c. Edisons cage d. Ohms cage The technique employed in radiotherapy to counteract the effect of tumor motion due to breathing is known as: a. Arc technique b. Modulation c. Gating d. Shunting Gamma camera in Nuclear medicine is used for: a. Organ imaging b. Measuring the radioactivity c. Monitoring the surface contamination d. RIA In which one of the following conditions, the sialography is contraindicated: a. Ductal calculus b. Chronic parotitis c. Acute parotitis d. Recurrent sialadenitis Which of the following ultrasound marker is associated with greatest increased risk for trisomy 21 in fetus? a. Echogenic foci in heat b. Hyperechogenic bowel c. Choroid plexus cysts d. Nuchal edema In CT, the attenuation values are measured in Hounsfield units (HU). An attenuation value of 0(zero) HU corresponds to: a. Water b. Air c. Very dense bone structures d. Fat The most sensitive imaging modality for diagnosing ureteric stones in a patient with acute colic is: a. X-ray KUB region b. Ultrasonogram c. Non contrast CT scan of the abdomen d. Contrast enhanced CT scan of the abdomen Which of the following is the investigation of choice for assessment of depth of penetration and perirectal nodes in rectal cancer? a. Transrectal USG b. CT scan of pelvis c. MRI d. Double contrast barium enema

Vegetarianism is a good idea for anyone, whether y Essay Example For Students

Vegetarianism is a good idea for anyone, whether y Essay oung or old, healthy or sick. Reasons supporting vegetarianism are inarguable since becoming a vegetarian is scientifically proven to improve ones lifestyle in several different ways. First and most importantly to many, vegetarianism improves ones health tremendously. Secondly, it can improve or display ones spirituality and beliefs. Another reason for changing to a vegetarian lifestyle that most people dont know is for the ecology and our surroundings. All of the above reasons and many more show that vegetarianism is a wonderful enhancement to anyones overall life. Health should be a considerable priority in every individuals life and vegetarians are proven to be healthier than carnivorous humans in various ways. First, medical studies show that a human beings body was not made to be carnivorous (for example; humans have no fang s or claws) and because are digestive system was not made to digest meat, a vegetarian diet is much easier and healthier for our bodies. Secondly, as known around the world, the most common cause of death is heart attack and the average man is at a 50% risk while a vegetarian man is at a 4% risk. Another fact most dont think about is that every one out of three chickens is infected with salmonella bacteria. Speaking of bacteria and disease, the U. We will write a custom essay on Vegetarianism is a good idea for anyone, whether y specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now S. Department of Agriculture implies that it protects meat-eaters through regular and thorough meat inspection while in reality, fewer than one out of every 250,000 slaughtered animals is tested for toxic chemical residues. As a matter of fact, breast milk of a meat-eating mother versus a non meat-eating mother is 35 times higher for contamination of milk due to pesticides found in meat. Vegetarianism also prevents cancer by 50%, and prevents heart disease, lowering blood pressure, gallstones, kidney stones, osteoporosis and can even reverses diabetes. Finally, maintaining a vegetarian diet will not only make you physically healthier but will improve your psychiatric health also. In fact, many psychiatrists recommend a vegetarian diet to those with violent anger problems. As provided above, becoming a vegetarian would improve anyones health and give all nutrition needed including protein. Many vegetarians do what they do for spiritual reasons and all have much supporting logic behind all the spirituality. Others claim they are spiritual people who are compassionate but how can one who eats meat be so with the knowledge of the suffering animals whose pain are beyond calculation? If one has understanding from God, how can he/she nourish ones self by the misery and death of other organisms made to live and be free? When a human kills an animal for food, he/she is neglecting his own hunger for justice. When a human claims to love Gods creatures and then eats meat, he/she is inconsistent and a hypocrite. One should never accept characteristics such as injustice, inconsistency and hypocrisy while asserting spirituality. There is another beneficial reason for vegetarianism that most never have heard of or thought about. Our environment is affected in many ways by livestock and so on. In fact, every quarter pound of hamburger meat one eats destroys 55 square feet of rainforest, which is already being demolished in the first place. This is because many cattle eaten in the U.S. have been fattened up and raised in former rainforest that was converted to grazing ground. Actually, more than 50% of rainforest destruction has been from animal grazing. Other than the destruction of rain forest, more than half of all water supplies goes to livestock production. Vegetarianism could even improve our world by preventing hunger for 1,300,000,000 humans could be fed by the grain and soybeans fed to livestock each year. Not only does meat eating help destroy our bodies but the world around us. .u6a8d99010f734b0a93198d5413b75c06 , .u6a8d99010f734b0a93198d5413b75c06 .postImageUrl , .u6a8d99010f734b0a93198d5413b75c06 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6a8d99010f734b0a93198d5413b75c06 , .u6a8d99010f734b0a93198d5413b75c06:hover , .u6a8d99010f734b0a93198d5413b75c06:visited , .u6a8d99010f734b0a93198d5413b75c06:active { border:0!important; } .u6a8d99010f734b0a93198d5413b75c06 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6a8d99010f734b0a93198d5413b75c06 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6a8d99010f734b0a93198d5413b75c06:active , .u6a8d99010f734b0a93198d5413b75c06:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6a8d99010f734b0a93198d5413b75c06 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6a8d99010f734b0a93198d5413b75c06 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6a8d99010f734b0a93198d5413b75c06 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6a8d99010f734b0a93198d5413b75c06 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6a8d99010f734b0a93198d5413b75c06:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6a8d99010f734b0a93198d5413b75c06 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6a8d99010f734b0a93198d5413b75c06 .u6a8d99010f734b0a93198d5413b75c06-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6a8d99010f734b0a93198d5413b75c06:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Free Chrysanthemumss: Failure of Communicati EssayWhen it all comes down to it, being a vegetarian is a wonderful, spiritual, and helpful way of life and it could be to all. It could improve health, spirituality, and even the ecology. There are many more reasons supporting vegetarianism and one could always find some that are most important to them. Some think of vegetarianism as a punishment or restriction while true vegetarians and the ones who know most distinguish that it is a fantastic and quick way .

What Is a Salutatorian High School’s Second-Highest Honor

What Is a Salutatorian High School’s Second-Highest Honor SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Academics and athletics have a lot in common: they require tons of practice, dedication, and diligence to succeed. Athletes often get trophies, medals, and letterman jackets to reward them for their accomplishments on the field and in the gym. But earning great grades can be just as tough as winning a state football tournament! That’s why many schools choose to honor their top two graduates by awarding them the titles of valedictorian and salutatorian. We’ve already covered what a valedictorian is in another post, so in this article, we’ll answer all of your questions about salutatorians, including: What is a salutatorian? Does being a salutatorian help you get into college? What is a salutatorian speech? How do you become a salutatorian? Are you ready to learn more about what it means to be the salutatorian of your graduating class? Then let’s get started! What Is a Salutatorian? The meaning of the term â€Å"salutatorian† dates back to 1841 and means â€Å"of the nature of a salutation.† More specifically, the term originally referred to â€Å"the welcoming address given at a college commencement,† which was delivered in Latin! Things have obviously changed a bit since then. (Thankfully!) First, salutatorians are now more commonly seen in high schools instead of colleges. But what is a salutatorian, exactly? The honor of salutatorian is given to the student who ranks second-highest in the school behind the valedictorian, who graduates at the very top of the class. Like valedictorians, salutatorians are most often awarded the honor based on their cumulative GPA. In general, the student with the highest cumulative GPA in a graduating class becomes the valedictorian. That means that the student with the second-highest cumulative GPA becomes the salutatorian! Second, the title of salutatorian recognizes student’s exemplary academic work, and as a result, they are asked to give a speech to open the graduation ceremony. While the salutatorian definitely gives a speech, it is not in Latin. (Now you can breathe a sigh of relief!) As the name implies, salutatorians deliver a â€Å"salutatory,† or welcoming, speech that welcomes everyone to the ceremony, recognizes important guests, and delivers a hopeful, welcoming message on behalf of their fellow classmates. Photo by Matthew T. Rader Does Being a Salutatorian Help You Get Into College? f you’re thinking about trying to become your school’s salutatorian, that means you’re already an academically competitive person that’s looking to get into a top university. We know it might be tempting to try to become the valedictorian or salutatorian of your class in order to help you get into the college of your dreams. Unfortunately, becoming salutatorian doesn’t really make a difference in terms of college admissions. Honestly, the reason is mostly a logistical one: the distinction of salutatorian is conferred toward the end of your senior year, long after you’ve already submitted your college applications! Additionally, even if you were awarded the title on time, it can be hard for universities to understand what the honor of salutatorian means in terms of your school. Because the title can be more- or less!- prestigious based on your high school graduating class size and the school’s unique salutatorian criteria (more on that later), it’s not a good benchmark for determining how you stack up to other applicants. Ultimately, your transcript and GPA- more so than your class rank- tell admissions counselors what they need to know. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t other ways becoming a salutatorian helps you in the college admissions process. First off, becoming your school’s salutatorian takes hard work. That means you’ve become self-motivated, learned how to study, been an excellent student, and embraced hard work. You’ve also figured out how to manage a busy schedule and still excel! These are all critical skills to excelling in college, too. You’ll be ready to hit the ground running from your first day, and you won’t struggle to adjust to college’s increased workload like your peers might. Secondly, salutatorians qualify for unique scholarship opportunities. Many scholarships still accept applications after you’ve already chosen your university. Graduating with top honors will help your application move to the top of the stack. Moreover, there are some scholarships that are only available to valedictorians and salutatorians! You can find a list of those unique scholarship opportunities here. Lastly, being salutatorian can help you as you look for jobs and internships. Remember, you’re going to college with a bigger goal in mind: getting a job! Internships can be just as competitive as college admissions, if not more so because the spots are much more limited. Companies often only take a handful of interns in every class even though they receive tens of thousands of applications. (Nike only accepts 40 interns a year!) So while being a salutatorian might not matter for admissions, it can have a huge impact on your opportunities long after high school. How Do You Become a Salutatorian? Like we mentioned earlier, in most cases the designation of salutatorian is determined by your cumulative GPA. To calculate your cumulative GPA, your numerical GPA in each class is added together, and the average is ranked against your fellow classmates. Additionally, schools often work from your weighted GPA. That means that AP and IB courses are assigned â€Å"extra points† to offset their difficulty (which is why many students who take college prep courses graduate with higher than a 4.0.) Traditionally, the two students with the highest weighted cumulative GPAs are awarded the distinctions of valedictorian and salutatorian (in that order). But keep in mind that each school handles salutatorian criteria differently! Some schools tackle the process like college admissions and look at a student’s GPA along with their extracurricular participation and community service hours. Other schools even allow students to cast votes for both valedictorian and salutatorian. Regardless of your school’s criteria, we think aiming for valedictorian or salutatorian is an excellent goal, so here are four tips for earning one of high school’s top academic honors. #1: Know the Criteria Since this differs from school to school, it’s super important that you know exactly how your school determines who becomes salutatorian. For example, Sheboygan Lutheran High School uses a combination of cumulative GPA, number of college prep courses, and ACT test scores to select a valedictorian and salutatorian. That’s much different than Edsel Ford High School, which only considers a student’s cumulative GPA and behavior record. #2: Take Weighted Classes AP and IB classes are important if you’re considering attending a competitive college, but they’re also critical to becoming salutatorian. Because you’re awarded â€Å"extra points† to your GPA, earning high marks in weighted classes gives you an edge over students who opt for a general curriculum. But be careful not to overextend yourself! It’s most important that you earn top marks in all of your classes, whether they’re college prep courses or not. #3: Ask for Help One of the big mistakes students make is that they don’t ask for help when they get confused. Since it’s important that you do well in all of your classes, make sure you’re talking to your teacher or tutor if there are concepts you don’t understand. An added bonus? This is a really important skill to have when you go to college! If you get comfortable asking for help now, it will make your college life that much easier. #4: Keep Your Eyes on the Prize It’s easy to let your competitive streak get out of hand when aiming for your school’s top honors. But the more time you spend worrying about other people’s grades, the less time you’re focusing on your own academic journey. So stay focused on working hard and doing your best, and let the rankings take care of themselves. Remember: even if you don’t become salutatorian, you’ll still have learned skills along the way that will make you more successful in college. Photo byBogomil Mihaylov What Is a Salutatorian Speech? So you’ve worked crazy hard and become your class’ salutatorian. Congratulations! Now it’s time for you to write a salutatorian speech. Salutatorian speeches are basically comprised of three different parts: welcoming people to the ceremony, acknowledging honored guests, and celebrating the accomplishments of your classmates. When you think about welcoming people to the ceremony, try to remember a time you felt welcome in a strange situation. What did people say to you? How did they make you feel important and like part of the group? Thinking about this might help you phrase your welcome so that the audience feels both acknowledged and included. Your second task in this section of your speech is to speak on behalf of your classmates. They don’t have a microphone and you do, so it’s important that you acknowledge the people who are attending the ceremony who’ve helped them on their journey. For example, people that fit in this category are family members, teachers, coaches, friends, and mentors! In this portion, you want to be both inclusive and brief. It might be a good idea to ask your classmates who they plan to bring with them to the ceremony. Their answers might surprise you, and they’ll help you make sure you include everyone in your opening remarks. You might also think about the people who are important to your classmates who couldn’t make it to the ceremony because of distance, illness, or death. Acknowledging them can be a lovely way of supporting your friends and classmates. The second part of your speech should acknowledge distinguished and honored guests. Make sure to talk with your principal or guidance counselor to get a list of these people. Most often, these are other participants in the ceremony, like the school’s superintendent or members of the school board. In most cases, if someone is sitting on stage, they’ll need to be welcomed individually. Talking to your school administrators about your speech is also important because you might have to follow a certain protocol. For example, your school might want you to read the person’s name and pause for a moment, which gives the person a chance to stand up and receive applause. Knowing this in advance will help you write a speech that stays within the ceremony’s time limits! The last part of your salutatorian speech gives you the chance to speak to your classmates and celebrate their achievements. This is a big day in everyone’s lives, and you get to be the person who makes them feel special. Congratulate them! Acknowledge their hard work and achievements, no matter how big or small. Additionally, might consider sharing a few lessons that you’ve learned in your own high school journey during this section. What will you take away from your years in school that will stick with you for the rest of your life? What do you hope your classmates take with them, too? But most importantly, have fun. Don’t be afraid to tell a story or share a joke that your classmates will love. Embrace the moment! This is your reward for four years of hard work, so make it count. Photo by Honey Yanibel Minaya Cruz Do All Schools Have Salutatorians? Becoming valedictorian or salutatorian has long been a way to reward academic achievement, but as society changes, so have the standards for awarding top marks. For instance, you might go to your guidance counselor’s office and be shocked to learn that your school doesn’t award the titles of valedictorian or salutatorian! More and more schools are doing away with ranked academic honors in order to help students focus on their education, not a ranking. According to Bob Farrace, the spokesman for the National Association of Secondary School Principals, administrators â€Å"worry about the college prospects of students separated by large differences in class rank despite small differences in their GPAs, and view rankings as obsolete in an era of high expectations for every student.† In other words, some educators believe that singling out the two top-performing students adversely affects the student body. But other schools have gone in the opposite direction and are now using the terms â€Å"valedictorian† and â€Å"salutatorian† to honor all high-achieving students. South Medford High School decided to name every student with a 4.0 GPA a class valedictorian. That means that there were 21 valedictorians in the Class of 2013! Other schools have followed suit in an effort to create a sense of camaraderie and collaboration around high school academics. But regardless of whether your school has salutatorians or not, one thing remains true: working hard in school will help you achieve your goals in college, in your career, and beyond. What's Next? If your high school does assign class rankings, learn about how that can affect your college application process. If you have your heart set on being valedictorian or salutatorian, check out this guide that gives you tips and strategies for raising your high school GPA. Of course, your GPA and graduation rank are just part of the picture: your test scores matter, too. Here’s a peek into what makes for a good (and a bad!) SAT score. (Don’t worry...we have an ACT score guide, too!) Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in.

Remote sensing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Remote sensing - Essay Example 239) have defined the remote sensing as a field of science or art that makes use of energy reflected from the Earth that is later processed, evaluated and applied in order to assist one in retrieving information regarding the surface of Earth without physically having to be on it. Sun is the fundamental source of energy for all the creatures on earth. Sun rays falling on earth are partly reflected which are captured by the satellites for generating information. The first condition without which, the process of remote sensing can not take place, is the provision of electromagnetic energy as waves to a specific place or to a study area. Although there are many electromagnetic energy sources, yet the sun is fundamentally the best source of energy. Basically, the energy travels from a source to a target through a medium or vacuum. When it comes to the earth, the energy interacts with the atmosphere, and this interaction gets repeated when the energy is reflected from the study area to the sensor. After the electromagnetic waves have passed the atmosphere from some source, they interact with the study area. This interaction depends on the characteristics of the study area and also on the electromagnetic radiation sent to it. After the electromagnetic waves interact with the study area, part of them is absorbed and the rest is reflected back to the space. Recording and collecting the reflected electromagnetic waves requires a special type of sensor which is familiar with the reflective waves. The last step of this operation is to understand, disclose and apply the information that has been retrieved from the study area. The problem can be solved by conducting its comparison with the real information. In 1864, the British physicist Clark Maxell predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves and supposed that the magnetic and electric fields work together to produce radiant energy. In addition to that, he described the visible light to be composed of

Analysis and Meaning of Dante Gabriel Rossettis The Bocca Baciata Essay

Analysis and Meaning of Dante Gabriel Rossettis The Bocca Baciata - Essay Example Bocca Baciata can be said to the beginning of Rossetti’s shift in terms of style and medium in his paintings that later became the signature of his work. Bocca Baciata marked Rossetti’s beginning of painting singular female figures that evoke seduction and earthly pleasure. According to a fellow cofounder of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood William The painting, just like Rossetti’s previous painting bore inscription that wrote; Bocca baciata non perde ventura, anzi rinnova come fa la luna. ‘The mouth that has been kissed does not lose its savour, indeed it renews itself just as the moon does2 II. Evolution of Dante Gabriel Rossetti as an Artist To fully understand, appreciate and decipher the meaning of Bocca Baciata on how it relate to Rossetti, it would be necessary to understand Rossetti as an artist to contextualize the meaning of the Bocca Baciata and fully understand the painting in the process. Rossetti as an artist did not employ a single theme in hi s works although the nature of his subjects primarily centred on women. His subject (the female) and how they were depicted evolved and it served as a mark on Rossetti’s growth and maturity as an artist and this has a significance in understanding Rossetti’s final paintings (Bocca Baciata was one of them) that became the signature of Rossetti’s work. ... hift of style is significant because Rossetti was not only one of the most accomplished artists during his time but also cofounded the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood which was a movement towards a particular painting style of stressing the importance of nature3. Bearing in mind Rossetti’s involvement with the Pre-Raphaelite movement is important because Rossetti’s later works that include the Bocca Baciata was still assessed under the standard of the artistic style of the brotherhood of whom he cofounded even when he attempted to depart from it. This resulted to the harsh criticism of his later works that led many critique of the Victorian painting to judge that the best of Rossetti’s works were those whom he had painted earlier. a. The first phase (from 1848 to 1853) The female has always been a central subject among Dante Gabriel Rossetti’s work. This was already evident from his very first public artwork which was The Girlhood of Mary Virgin. What differed from Rossetti’s later work such as the Bocca Baciata is not how the subject changed but rather, on how the rendering of the subject shifted. Bocca Baciata can be said to be similar with Rossetti’s first major work The Girlhood of Mary Virgin in many aspect although not necessarily on how the women were depicted. Bocca Baciata was Rossetti’s first work that marked his shift in terms of rendering the female while The Girlhood of Mary Virgin was Rossetti’s first work that made him prominent in having the female as subjects. Rossetti as an artist during the first evolution of his works can be likened to the growth of a boy to a man where the perspective about the female change as the boy grows to puberty and become a man. In The Girlhood of Mary Virgin, Rossetti’s boyish and impressionable nature was

Instructional design Essay Example for Free

Instructional design Essay Instructional design is an important tool in any system of education. It enables all the stakeholders of the educational sector to achieve their objectives. This paper critically analyzes the various approaches to institutional design, their benefits and weaknesses, and further examines the principles relevant to instructional designs. Introduction There has been a massive increase in institutions that offer e-learning and this can be attributed to the changes from the traditional methods of teaching, to the future trends in the same. E-learning enables learners to get access to various curricular from the comfort of their computers. It also enables students to earn degrees from prestigious universities, without being physically present there. However, the success of e-learning can be largely attributed to instructional design programmes that guide teaching methods, and ensure that all stakeholders in the education industry achieve their objectives. Instructional design involves transforming the learning principles into learning activities. It goes further and develops, utilizes, manages and evaluates resources and processes for learning. Instructional design also involves creating the right environment, that will transform learners from states of inability to accomplish tasks, to states of the ability to accomplish tasks. There are three main approaches that are used in achieving these objectives. The first approach is the behavioral approach, the second is the cognitivism approach, while the third is the constructivism approach. These approaches have benefits and limitations, and are discussed below. Behaviorism approach. The founder of this approach to instructional design, is John Watson. He wrote a paper in 1913, in which he argued that when studying social science, we should study and record overt behavior only. This is the behavior that can be observed and measured, and he further added that we should ignore inner states such as mental states or motives. The reason for ignoring the inner state, according to him, was that it cannot be objectively measured. This implies that the inner state cannot be simultaneously observed by many observers. Watson called the inner processes, the black box, and his view was that they were not accessible, scientifically. In behaviorism, our focus is overt behavior and its stimuli, thereby making it the stimulus-response-psychology. Watson further says that all behavior can be attributed to external stimuli, which is observable. How the stimuli is processed inside the body is regarded as irrelevant, since it cannot be objectively measured. Since the behaviorists view behavior as a response to environmental stimulus, change of behavior can be realized by creating the favorable environment. Watsons approach to behaviorism was influenced by Ivan Pavlovs earlier perspectives on operant conditioning and classical conditioning. Pavlov, had discovered that responses of salivation, brought about by seeing food, could also be generated by stimuli present during the presence of food. He observed this by doing an experiment with his dog; the fact that a bell was rang, just before the dog ate food, made it salivate every time it heard the bell, even though food was not present. This is what Pavlov referred to as classical conditioning. Skinner, on the other hand, came up with the operant conditioning perspective. His view was that behavior is only likely to be repeated, after getting a certain reward and that the repetition is dictated by the consequence of the same behavior. Edward Thorndike is another social scientist who supported the behaviorism approach. He stated that if there is a response to a situation, and it leads to a consequence that is satisfying, it is very likely that the response will be repeated, if the situation happens in future. He conducted an experiment using cats in puzzle boxes and realized that the time they took to escape from the box gradually reduced. He further attempted to see if the cats were using insight or whether they were gradually learning. His findings were that they were gradually learning, since the reduction in time used did not change abruptly, but instead changed gradually. The philosophy behind behaviorism is that a person can derive meaning, in the environment, without using personal experience (Ainslie, 2001). The instructional goals are framed in observable and specific behavioral terms. This approach looks at the immediate change in behavior, that can be recognized. In a learning environment, the instructor presents well structured materials to the student, and assesses his or her complete understanding of the same. The instructor focuses on interaction and presentation, offering individual students tutorial relationship. The students read provided materials and the assesses their mastery of the same, through individual tests and assignments. Since the general agreement is that stimuli leads to a specific response, most of this type of research is carried out with animals, in laboratories. It makes no difference in whether the response is observed using an experiment, as opposed to real life situations, if stimuli generates certain responses. The approach has been very useful in introducing humane education environments, since it was realized that rewards encouraging desirable behavior achieved better results, than punishments for undesirable behavior. Types There are basically three types of behaviorism; the first type is the methodological behaviorism. In this case, behaviorism is seen to ignore the mental state and other internal processes that affect behavior of an organism. This type of behaviorism sees no additional benefits that can be derived from consideration of an entitys desires or beliefs, in understanding patterns of behavior and therefore ignores them. This type of behaviorism views the mental state as a poor object of empirically studying the behavior of an entity. The second type of behaviorism is the psychological behaviorism and it tries to explain animal and human behavior as influenced by external stimulus. This is explained by Watsons experiment on the dog and bell, which is explained above. The dogs characteristic of salivating every time it hears the bell can be explained by this type of behaviorism. The third type of behaviorism is the analytical behaviorism, which is also called the logical behaviorism. This is a philosophical theory that explain the meanings of mental concepts and terms. It further goes on to explain that the idea of a mental condition or state is a behavioral disposition idea. Strengths According to Graham (2004), one of the strengths attributed to this approach is that it avoids regressive explanation of behaviors. This is through avoidance of explaining a form of behavior, using another form of behavior, that is, explaining overt behavior using covert behavior. This is achieved through ignoring mental activities, which are forms of behavior and using other forms non behavior, such as environmental stimulus, to explain behavior. Another strength that behaviorism possesses is that it is anti-nativist. Nativists believe that the mind at birth, has rules of processing that are used when learning. Behaviorism is supported by theorists since they believe that the mind learns through exposure to a stimulus and not through implicit procedures. Weaknesses. One weakness of behaviorism is the inadequate understanding of the effect of reinforcements on behaviors. The reinforcement should always increase frequency of responses, but this relies on the ability of the organism to recall the circumstances under which the stimuli was presented. This means that in the event that the organism forgets those circumstances, there will be no response to the stimuli. The second weakness is that this approach ignores the mental state and the inner motivation. This is commonly referred to as the black box and is usually ignored by behaviorism. The disadvantage of this ignorance is that both the mental state, and motivation play a part in determining the behavior of an individual. The third weakness is that for the organism to react to the stimuli, the reinforcement has to be consistent, otherwise the organism will not notice it. Some theorists regard intrinsic human conditions as limitation to this approach. These include loss of memory, presence of pain, paralysis of the body and the language barrier. All these can make the organism or human fail to respond to the reinforcement, either because they do not sense it, or they sense it but are unable to respond. Cognitivism Cognitivism is an approach that tries to study the inner processes that are ignored by behaviorism. Cognitivism attempts to open the black box that is closed by behaviorism. According to cognitivism, human minds process information, which makes it important to understand the processes, which include problem solving, remembering, attending and knowing work. Cognitivists relate to the computer language of input of information, and processing of the same, leading to output of information. Cognitivism started in the 1960s, when there were limited perspectives on approaches to behaviourism. Some of the theorists that were associated with cognitivism include; Robert Gagne, Jerome Bruner and Ausubel David. Ausubel stressed importance of content meaning, which could be associated with the pre-existing information. Bruner, on the other hand stressed the importance of motivation in the learning process, while Gagne defined the conditions of learning, which include intellectual skills, verbal information and cognitive processes. Questions were asked about the black box and someone had to open it. The basic view in this approach, is that the response to a situation by human beings is dictated by processing of information. Cognitive theorists view much of learning as taking place through repetition and contiguity. They view the role of reinforcement as more of provision of feedback on accuracy of a response, rather than motivation. It is easier to remember information with the following qualities; The first is meaningful effects, which means that meaningless information is difficult to remember and vice verse. Practice effects means that information that is rehearsed is easily remembered, especially if done with distributed practice (Place, 2000). Schema effects imply that it is difficult to remember information that cannot fit a persons schema. Mnemonic effects are used to transform meaningless words and expressions into meaningful semantics. State dependent effect means that it is easier to remember something, under the context it was taught in, than on a different context. Weaknesses The weakness with this approach is that the learner may not learn the best way of accomplishing a task, using this approach, since it might change in different situations. This means that the knowledge learned may not be applicable in solving new problems. For instance, the correct way to log into a computer may vary with the model and software being used. The other weakness, according to Kearsley (2007), is that this approach does not always work, this may be due to a combination of several factors. The brain cannot be taken to work exactly like a computer, since a computer is a machine. There are human factors that might hinder a person from effectively remembering what is learned, but the same cannot be said of a computer. The person might have stress or be exhausted and this affects the working of the processes. Constructivism This approach views learning as a process that is constructive and active. Learning is seen to occur when children construct representations of the information that they have acquired and processed. This requires the link between pre-existing knowledge and new information. This link is subjective and varies from one person to another, since everyone possesses different knowledge, brought about by undergoing different experiences. However, it is important that the pre-existing knowledge is stimulated in order for the person to remember it, and subsequently link it to the new information. Jonassens model Jonassen is a University of Missouri don and an expert in implementing innovative theories of learning. He designed a learning framework for curriculum development and the following are the elements; the first element is the plan for establishing and developing the instruction program. The second element is the methods for advancing existing programs, while the third is strategies for sustaining partnerships. The fourth is assessment of the instruction impacts and evaluation of the learners understanding. These guidelines help in transformation of students gestalt from the stage where they are confused to the stage where there is familiarity. Gestalt psychology This is a theory of the brain and mind that explains that the whole of the brain is not equal to the sum of the parts. It is used to explain how human senses work, especially in recognizing whole forms and figures. There are four properties in this approach and the first is emergence. Here, the vision is not properly visible. The second property is reification and here, the perception of the aspect is generated. The third stage is multistability and in this case, ambiguous perceptions moves between two possible interpretations. The last property is invariance and this is where geographical objects, simple in nature are recognized, even though they may be rotating or distorted in scale. Techniques The techniques used in constructivism include collaborative learning, where learners who have different backgrounds and skills discuss and do tasks together, such that they come to an agreement on the truth about a certain situation or circumstance. Another technique involves library research and the learners discover new facts by themselves, without the aid of the instructor. Similarly, field work excursions may also help the learners discover things as they are in real life, through conducting research on the ground. Learners can also learn through teaching, which is different from presentations, since the learners have the freedom to use their own approach to teaching. The strength of this approach is that it is useful for the learner when dealing with real-life situations. According to Robinson (2003), the basic forms of teaching using this method are coaching, scaffolding and modeling. These methods help the students in acquisition of cognitive skills, through practice and observation. Modeling provides an opportunity for the learner to observe problems and their solutions, in order to enable them to create conceptional models. Scaffolding and coaching provides feedback, hints and sometimes guidelines so that they are able to complete tasks. Examples of such forms of teaching are on-line message boards, workshops, simulations and games. Criticism While the constructivists state that learning can be enhanced by doing, critics argue that this is not always the case. They further argue that some novice learners lack schemas or the mental capability to learn through doing. Some critics even go further to say that years of research have not proved that the constructivist approach leads to discovery, and in the instances where discovery has occurred, this was as a result of guided discovery, through help by instructors. Some critics see the constructivism approach as impractical in certain fields since it reveals certain weaknesses, that are attributed to the constructivism approach, which they view as focusing on memorization as opposed to behavior action or change. For example, in a study done on medical students, project based learning revealed weaknesses in the students abilities to pass written tests, due to the bias in learning the experimental aspects. Principles of instructional design These are the principles that should be followed when undertaking instructional design, and their purpose is to achieve the objectives of instructional design. The first principle is the fairness and this implies that all learners should use equal means to achieve the requirements of the course. The instructions should be accessed by equally by all learners. Diversity and the different abilities of the learners should be taken into consideration. An example of such a learning environment is an on-line based course. The second principle that should be applied is the flexibility in participation, use and presentation of learning materials. This means that there should be several ways of accessing the learning materials, interacting with them, and evaluation of use of the materials. The instructions should be designed to satisfy the wide range of preferences of the learner. Examples of such learning environments are ones with provision of optional assignments, due dates and formats where possible. The third principle, according to Wells (2000), is consistent and straightforward instructions, and this means that the instructions should be clear and free from unnecessary distractions and complexities. This can be done through ensuring that grading, content, learning objectives and assignments are consistent. The fourth principle is explicitly presenting information, and this is where expectations of the course are clear. It also entails making all communication lines clear and removing any barriers to the same. It also involves presentation of the information in a multiple format. This can be achieved through making explicit expectations on assignments and providing a rubric or grading system. The fifth principle is a supportive environment for learning. This entails proper handling of mistakes made, and viewing them as opportunities for learning. It also involves minimizing the hazards that have the potential to cause irreversible failures and errors. An example of such a learning environment is one where very large assignments are broken into smaller components so that there are minimal errors by students. Another way to achieve this is to provide questions that are frequently asked during assessments. The other principal is having learning space that can accommodate all students and finally, minimizing unnecessary physical requirements or efforts by the students. This can be achieved by for instance, allowing the students to use word processors for a submission, and allowing the electronic submission of the assignments. Conclusion There are several approaches that can be used in instructional designs. Each approach has its own pros and cons. It is important to evaluate these before using an instructional design approach. The instructors should understand the learning process, when dealing with students, and the obstacles to learning so that they can avoid them. It is also clear that there are several principles that should be followed when practicing instructional designs. It is very important to create the right environment for learning, since that is what motivates students to learn. It is also important to take care of the diverse needs of learners since they come from different backgrounds, and most of all, equality should be observed regardless of the background of the learner. References. Ainslie, G. (2001). Breakdown of Will. Washington: AMACOM. Graham, G. (2004). Identifying the Mind: Selected Papers of U. T. Place. Oxford: Oxford